Music (Part I: Basics)

For those musicians learning Spanish, I've prepared an English/Spanish list of basic musical terms. I hope you find this useful.

NOTE NAMES (nombres de las notas):

First, the names of the notes can be written as in English (i.e. with the letters of the alphabet A, B, C, D, E, F and G), especially when writing chords for guitar or piano. However, they're not pronounced as letter, but as they're proper name as follows:

• C: Do
• D: Re
• E: Mi
• F: Fa
• G: Sol
• A: La
• B: Si

NOTES (figuras) & RESTS (silencios):

• Whole note (American) / Semibreve (British): La redonda
• Half-note (American) / Minim (British): La blanca
• Quarter-note (American) / Crochet (British): La negra
• Eighth-note (American) / Quaver (British): La corchea
• Sixteenth-note (American) / Semiquaver (British): La semicorchea
• Thirty-second-note (American) / Demisemiquaver (British): La fusa
• Sixty-fourth-note (American) / Hemidemisemiquaver or Quasihemidemisemiquaver (British): La semifusa
• Triplets: El tresillo

Dotted notes are called by the name of the note + the words "con puntillo", i.e. dotted quarter-note = la negra con puntillo.

Rests are called "silencios". Rests corresponding to the above notes are called by saying "Silencio de" + the name of the note. i.e. whole (note) rest = silencio de redonda.

ACCIDENTALS (Alteraciones):
The name of the accidental is placed after the name of the note. i.e. B-flat = Si bemol. Now, the name of the natural symbol (becuadro) is used to refer to the symbol itself, but substituted for the word "natural" when using it after a note. i.e. B-natural = Si natural.

• Sharp: Sostenido
• Flat: Bemol
• Natural: Becuadro
• Double-sharp: Doble sostenido
• Double-flat: Doble bemol

CLEFS (claves)

• Treble clef or G-clef: La clave de Sol
• Bass clef or F-clef: La clave de Fa
• Tenor clef or C-clef (on the fourthline): La clave de Do (en cuarta línea)
• Alto clef or C-clef (on the third line): La clave de Do (en tercera línea)

STAVES (pentagramas) & More

• Score: La partitura
• Staff: El pentagrama
• Ledger Lines: Las líneas adicionales
• Measure: El compás
• Bar lines: Las líneas divisorias
  
• Double bar (line): La doble barra
• Repeat sign (a type of double bar): La repetición
• First ending: La primera casilla
• Second ending: La segunda casilla
• Pick-up note(s) or anacrusis: La anacrusa
• Tempo: La velocidad
  
• Time signature: El compás (también métrica, signatura o marca de tiempo)
• Key signature: La tonalidad, La armadura ("La armadura" refers especifically to the set of sharps and flats at the begining of the staff, whereas "tonalidad" refers also to the key itself).
• Key, Tonality: La tonalidad
• Major: Mayor
• Minor: Menor
• Chord: Acorde
  
• Dot: El puntillo
• Double dot: El doble puntillo
• Triplets: El tresillo
• Grace note: La apoyatura
• Trill: El trino
  
• Slur: La ligadura de fraseo, de articulación o de expresión
• Tie: La ligadura de prolongación, de valor
• Step: El grado, el tono
  
• Half step: El medio grado, el medio tono, el semitono

We'll continue with more musical terms in the following weeks.

Healthcare (Part IV - Useful Phrases)

It's finally time to learn some useful phrases. Be sure to check the previous posts for more vocabulary related to healthcare. Remember you can email me more phrases or ideas to improve this list.

A PATIENT MAY SAY:

• I'm not feeling well = No me siento bien / Me siento mal
• I'm sick/ill. = Estoy enfermo/a
• My ______ hurts = Me duele (n) ___________
  e.g. My stomach hurts = Me duele el estómago
• It hurts here / I have a pain here = Me duele aquí
• My blood type is... = Mi tipo de sangre es...
• I am allergic to....(penicillin) = Soy alérgico a la penicilina
• I am diabetic = Soy diabético
• I am pregnant = Estoy embarazada
• I'm on the pill = Estoy tomando la píldora
• I broke my leg / arm = Me rompí (o quebré) la pierna / el brazo
• I had a heart attack = Tuve un infarto (o un ataque al corazón)
• I need this medicine/medicament = Necesito esta medicina (o este medicamento)
• I don't feel well. Have you something for...? = Me siento mal. ¿Tiene algo para...?
• Could you please call a doctor? = ¿Podría llamarme a un médico, por favor?
• Can the doctor come here? = ¿Puede visitarme el médico?

A DOCTOR MAY SAY:

• What are your symptoms? = ¿Cuáles son sus síntomas?
• Have you had these symptoms before? = ¿Ha tenido estos síntomas antes?
• Do you have pain? = ¿Tiene dolor?
• What were you doing when the pain began? = ¿Qué estaba haciendo cuando el dolor empezó?
• Have you had this pain before? = ¿Ha tenido este dolor antes?
• Where does it hurt? = ¿En dónde le duele?
• How long have you had this pain? =¿Hace cuánto tiempo que tiene el dolor?
• Does it hurt here? = ¿Le duele aquí?
• Does it hurt anywhere else? = ¿En dónde más le duele?
• Does it hurt much or little? = ¿Le duele mucho o poco?
• Does the pain come and go or is it constant? = ¿El dolor es constante o viene y se va?
• Are you thirsty? = ¿Tiene sed?
• Do you have double vision? = ¿Mira doble?
• Are you constipated? = ¿Está constipado?
• Have you vomited? = ¿Ha vomitado?
• Did it have blood in it? = ¿Había sangre?
• Can you urinate? = ¿Puede orinar?
• Have you had diarrhea? = ¿Ha tenido diarrea?
• Have you eaten anything new? = ¿Ha comido algo diferente/nuevo?
• Did anyone else eat that? = ¿Alguien más comió eso?
• When was the last time you went to the bathroom? = ¿Cuándo fue la última vez que fue al baño?
• What time did you eat your last meal? = ¿A qué horas tuvo su última comida?
• Do you take medication? = ¿Toma alguna medicina?
• Lie down, please = Recuéstese, por favor
• Open your mouth = Abra la boca
• Breath deeply = Respire profundo/hondo
• Breathe deep in and out = Inhale y exhale profundo / hondo
• Unbutton your shirt/blouse = Desabróchese la camisa/blusa
• I’m going to check your pulse = Le voy a revisar/chequear el pulso.
• I am going to take your blood pressure = Voy a tomarle la presión/tensión
• You are 38.2 degrees = Tiene 38.2 grados (de temperatura)

OTHER

• Get better! = ¡Que te mejores/se mejore!
• Get well soon! = ¡Recupérate pronto! ¡Que te mejores pronto!

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Other posts about healthcare vocabulary: Diseases and Health Problems | Drugs and remedies | At the hospital

Healthcare (Part III - At the hospital)

Now it's time to learn vocabulary related to the hospital. Next time we'll be learning common phrases people use when going to the doctor. I hope you find this helpful!

People involved:

• Doctor = El médico, el doctor
• Patient = El paciente
• Nurse = La enfermera
• Paramedics = paramédicos
• Physician = médico clínico
• General practitioner = Médico de cabecera, Médico general
• Specialist = Especialista

Specialists

• Anesthesiologist (anesthesia) = Anestesiólogo (anestesia)
• Cardiologist (heart) = Cardiólogo (corazón)
• Dermatologist (skin)= Dermatólogo (piel)
• Ear Nose and Throat Specialist / Otorhinolaryngologist (ear, nose, throat) = Otorrinolaringólogo (oídos, nariz y garganta)
• Endocrinologist (glands, hormones) = Endocrinólogo (glándulas, hormonas)
• Gastroenterologist (stomach, intestines) = Gastroenterólogo (estómago e intestinos)
• Geriatrician (the elderly) = Geriatra (personas de la tercera edad)
• Gynecologist (women) = Ginecólogo (mujeres)
• Nephrologist (kidneys) = Nefrólogo (riñones)
• Neurologist (nervous system) = Neurólogo (sistema nervioso)
• Ophtamologist (eyes) = Oftalmólogo (ojos)
• Obstetrician (pregnancy, childbirth) = Obstetra (embarazo, nacimiento)
• Odontologist (teeth) = Odontólogo (dientes)
• Oncologist (cancer) = Oncólogo (cancer)
• Pediatrician (children) = Pediatra (niños)
• Psychiatrist (mental illness) = Psiquiatra (enfermedades mentales)
• Physical Therapist (US), Physiotherapist (UK) = Fisioterapista o Fisioterapeuta
• Radiologist (radiation) = Radiólogo (radiación)
• Surgeon (surgery) = Cirujano (cirujía)
• Urologist (urinary tract) = Urólogo (aparato urinario)

Locations:

• Clinic = la clínica
• Doctor's consulting room = el consultorio
• Hospital = el hospital
• Drugstore/Pharmacy = la farmacia
• Laboratory, lab = el laboratorio
• Ambulance = la ambulancia
• Examination room = la sala de evaluación/diagnóstico/reconocimiento
• Emergency room = la sala de emergencies/urgencias
• Intensive care unit = la unidad de cuidados intensivos
• Operating theatre/room = el quirófano, la sala de operaciones
• Waiting room = sala de espera
• Ward = sala

Hospital Equipment:

• examintation couch/table = sillón/diván/mesa de evaluación/diagnóstico/reconocimiento
• hospital bed = cama de hospital
  
• stretcher = camilla
  
• operating table = mesa de operaciones
• breathing (or respiratory) apparatus = respirador artificial
• heart monitor = monitor (cardíaco)
  
• defibrillator = defibrilador
  
• IV pole / stand for IV drips= atril (o soporte) para el goteo intravenoso
• catheter, tube = tubo, catéter, sonda
• basin, bedpan = basinete, basinilla, orinal
  

Medical Equipment:

• scales = pesa
• height = tallímetro
• thermometer = termómetro
• stethoscope = estetoscopio
• othoscope = otoscopio
• ophthalmoscope = oftalmoscopio
• sphygmomanometer/blood pressure monitor = esfigmomanómetro
  
• tongue depressor = tiralengua o bajalengua
• percusor, hammer = martillo de reflejos
• glucometer = glucómetro
• dressing gown = bata
• mask = mascarilla
• disposable needle/syringe = aguja/jeringa desechables
• sterile needle/syringe = aguja/jeringa esterilizada
  
• sterile gauze = gasa esterilizada
• oxygen = oxigeno
• dressing material = material de vendaje
• plaster = yeso

Surgery equipment:

• surgical instruments = instrumentos quirúrgicos
• instrument tray = bandeja de los instrumentos
• scalpel = bisturí
• scissors = tijeras
  
• tweezers = pinzas
  

Laboratory & Radiology equipment:

• microscope = microscopio
• beaker = vaso de precipitados (o de precipitación)
• test tube = tubo de ensayo
• urine sample = muestra de orina
• blood sample = muestra de sangre
  
• x-rays = rayos X
• x-ray plate = radiografía
• ultrasound = ultrasonido
  

Patient equipment:

• wheelchair = silla de ruedas
• crutches = muletas
• cane = bastón
• walker = andador
• brace = aparato ortopédico
  
• sling = cabestrillo
  

More vocabulary:

• health insurance = seguro médico
• medical/health exam = examen médico
• medical history/record = historia clínica, historial médico
• medical card = ficha médica
• medical consultation = consulta médica
• medical condition = condición médica
• check-up = chequeo medico
• diagnose = diagnóstico
• prescription = receta
• treatment = tratamiento
• blood pressure/tension = presión sanguínea
• blood test = prueba/examen de sangre
• stitches = puntos (de sutura)
• therapy = terapia
• visiting hours = horas de visita
  

Verbs:

• to consult a doctor = consultar un médico
• to get a shot = recibir una inyección
• to give someone a shot = poner una inyección (o inyectar) a alguien
• To make an appointment = hacer una sita
• To take one’s temperature = tomarle la temperatura a alguien
• To take one’s pulse = tomarle el pulso a alguien
• To take one’s(blood) tension/pressure = tomarle la presión a alguien
• To cure = curar
• To operate on = operar
• To prescribe = recetar
• To treat = tratar

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Other posts about healthcare vocabulary:
Diseases and Health Problems | Drugs and remedies | Useful Phrases

*Updated article. December 9^th 2007.

Healthcare (Part II - Medicine)

Let's continue with our Healthcare vocabulary list. Today, we'll talk about diferent kinds of drugs to treat a disease/medical condition. Feel free to send me your ideas to improve this list, or about any other phrases related to healthcare. Next time, we'll be talking about hospitals. So, let's go!

General Vocabulary

• Medicine, drugs = medicina
• Medicament, medication = medicamento
• Remedy = remedio
• Treatment = tratamiento
• Prescription = receta médica
• Samples = muestras (médicas)
  
• Compund = compuesto
• Dose = dosis
• Side effects = efectos secundarios

Delivery Systems

• Tablet = tableta, comprimido
• Pill = pastilla, píldora
• Sugar-coated pill/tablet = gragea
• Capsule = cápsula
• Gel capsule, gelcap = cápsula de gel
• Chewable tabs = pastillas masticables
  
• Blister = blíster
• Syrup = jarabe
• Solution = solución
• Powder for oral suspension = polvo para suspensión oral
  
• Drops = gotas
• Ointment = ungüento, pomada
• Cream = crema
• Tube = tubo
• Suppository = supositorio
• Ampule = ampolla
• Vial = vial, frasco
• Injection (shot) = inyección
• Spray = spray
• Inhaler = inhalador
• IV drip feed = vía de goteo intravenoso
  

Kinds of drugs

• Analgesic = analgésico
• Antacid = antiácido
• Anti-allergy = antialérgico
• Antibiotic = antibiótico
• Anti-depressant = antidepresivo
  
• Antidiarrheal = antidiarréico
• Anti-inflammatory = antiinflamatorio
• Antifungal = antimicótico
• Antihistamine = antihistamínico
• Antipyretic = antipirético
• Antiseptic = antiséptico
• Aspirin = aspirina
• Bronchodilators = Broncodilatador
• Calcium = calcio
• Cough drops, lozenge = comprimidos para la tos
• Corticosteroids = Corticosteroides
• Contraceptive = anticonceptivo
• Decongestant = descongestionante
• Diuretic = diurético
• Eye drops = gotas para los ojos
• Insuline = insulina
• Laxative = laxante
• Muscle relaxant = relajante muscular
• Pain killer = calmante para el dolor
• Sleeping pill = pastilla para dormir / somnífero
• Sedative, Tranquilizer = sedante, calmante
• Vaccine = vacuna
• Vasodilator = vasodilatador
• Vitamin C = vitamina C

First-aid kit/box = el botiquín de primeros auxilios

• Alcohol = el alcohol
• Band-Aids (US)/Elastoplasts (UK) = las tiritas (España), las curitas (LatAm)
• Bandage = la venda
• Surgical tape = el esparadrapo, el apósito (Argentina)
• Cotton wool = el algodón
• Gauze = la gasa
• Peroxide = el agua oxigenada
• Thermometer = el termómetro
• Syringe = la jeringa
• Needle = la aguja

More vocabulary:

• First aid = primeros auxilios
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) = Resucitación (o reanimación) cardiopulmonar/cardiorespiratoria
• Artificial respiration = Respiración/ventilación artificial
• Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation = Respiración de boca a boca
• Chemotherapy = quimioterapia
• Physiotherapy = fisioterapia
  
• Transplant = transplante
• Blood transfusion = transfusión de sangre
• Donor = donante, donador (Varies depending on the country)
  
• Biopsy = biopsia
• Surgery = Operación (o intervención quirúrgica)
  
  

A few useful phrases:

• Take / Apply it: = Tómelo / Aplíquelo:
• once / twice daily = una vez / dos veces al día
• three / four / … times a day = tres / cuatro / … veces al día
• before / after / with meals = antes / después / con la comida
• at bedtime = antes de dormir
• every other hour = cada dos horas
• every other day = cada dos días
• Use as much as desired / needed = Utilice tanto como desee / sea necesario
• Available only by prescription = venta bajo receta médica
• Keep out of the reach of children = Manténgase fuera del alcance de los niños
• Is it safe for children? = ¿Lo pueden tomar los niños?
  
• How much should I give? = ¿Cuánto le doy?



• Be sure to ask the doctor if there are any side effects to taking that medication. Otherwise, you run the risk of having complications, and the drugs that should be helping you can make your condition worse. =
  Asegúrese de consultar con su médico si existen efectos secundarios al tomar ese medicamento. De lo contrario, corre el riesgo de tener complicaciones, y la medicina que debería ayudarlo podría empeorar su condición.
  

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Other posts about healthcare vocabulary:
Diseases and Health Problems | At the hospital | Useful Phrases

Updated article. January 8^th 2008.

Healthcare (Part I - Diseases and Health Problems)

Hi friends! Today we'll learn some vocabulary related to diseases and other health problems. As always, I'd love to improve this list, so feel free to send me ideas, new phrases or even corrections! Next time we'll be talking about drugs and remedies, so don't miss it!

Illnesses & Diseases

TIP: Use the verb “Tener” (to have) + the name of the disease. e.g. "Tengo asma"

• acne = acné
• AIDS = sida
• anemia (or anaemia) = anemia
• appendicitis = apendicitis
• arthritis = artritis
  
• asthma = asma
• blindness = ceguera
  
• bronchitis = bronquitis
• cancer = cáncer
• chickenpox = varicela
• deafness = sordera
  
• diabetes = diabetes
• leukemia = leucemia
• measles = sarampión
• mumps = paperas
• rabies = rabia
• rheumatism = reuma, reumatismo
• smallpox = viruela
• the flu = gripe (influenza)
• tuberculosis = tuberculosis

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Symptoms & other medical conditions:

TIP: Use the phrase “Tener dolor de” or “Me duele la/el” + the body part that aches/hurts.
e.g. "Tengo dolor de estómago" (I have a stomachache) / "Me duele el estómago" (My stomach hurts).

• Backache = dolor de espalda
• Earache = dolor de oído
• Headache = dolor de cabeza
• Stomachache = dolor de estómago
• Toothache = dolor de dientes
• Sore throat = dolor de garganta (Also: Tener la garganta inflamada)

TIP: Use the verb “Tener” (to have) + the name of the symptom. e.g. "Tengo un moretón en el brazo."

(Count nouns)

• (an) allergy = (una) alergia
  (Also non-count noun: Tener alergia a _________ = To be allergic to)
• (an) allergic reaction = (una) reacción alérgica
• (an) asthma attack = (un) ataque de asma
  
• (a) bite = una mordida (de perro)
• (a) blister = (una) ampolla
• (a) bruise = (un) moretón, morete, mortatón, cardenal
• (a) broken leg/arm/bone = (una) pierna rota / (un) brazo roto / (un) hueso roto
• (a) bump = (un) chichón
• (a) burn = (una) quemadura
• (a) cardiac arrest = (un) paro cardíaco
• (a) respiratory arrest = (un) paro respiratorio
• (a) cold = (un) resfrío
• (a) concussion = (una) conmoción cerebral
• (a) corn = (un) callo
• (a) cut = (una) cortada, (un) corte
• (a) cyst = (un) quiste
• (a) dislocated bone = un hueso dislocado
  
• (an) injury = (una) herida
• (a) fracture = (una) fractura
• (a) graze = (un) raspón
• (an) insect bite = (una) picadura de insecto
• (a) heart attack = (un) ataque cardíaco, (un) infarto
• (an) infection = (una) infección
• (an) indigestion = (una) indigestion (Also non-count noun: Tener indigestión)
• (an) hemorrhage = hemorragia (Also non-count noun: Tener hemorragia)
• (an) inflammation = inflamación
• (a) miscarriage = (un) aborto espontáneo
• (a) rash = (un) sarpullido (Also: Haberle brotado (un) sarpullido (a alguien))
• (a) scar = cicatriz
• (a) scratch = rasguño
• (a) sprain = torcedura
• (a) stroke = (un) ataque, (una) apoplejía, (un) derrame
• (a) sunburn = (una) quemadura de sol
• (a) swelling = (una) hinchazón
• (a) benign/malignant tumor = (un) tumor benigno/maligno
  
• (an) ulcer = (una) úlcera
• (a) wound = (una) herida

(Non-count nouns)

• amnesia = amnesia
• bedsore = úlcera por decúbito
  
• constipation = estreñimiento
• (a) cough = tos
• dehydration = deshidratación
  
• diarrhea = diarrea
• dizziness = mareo(s)
• dry skin = resequedad de la piel / (la) piel reseca
• fever= fiebre
• hiccups = hipo
• insomnia = insomnio
• itch = picazón
• jaundice = ictericia
• migraine = migraña
• stress = estrés
• sunstroke = insolación
• vomit = vómito

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More verbs & phrases

• To be allergic to _______ = Ser alérgico a ________
• To bleed = Sangrar, perder sangre
• To feel sore = Tener agujetas o punzadas
• To feel nauseous/sick / To be going to throw up = Tener nauseas / Tener ganas de vomitar
• To feel dizzy = Estar mareado
• To feel pain = Tener dolor
• To have low/high blood pressure = Tener la presión (o tensión) alta/baja
• To catch a cold = Atrapar/coger un resfriado
• To have a cold = Estar resfriado/constipado o Tener un resfriado (o resfrío)
• To run a temperature (to have a fever) = Tener fiebre/temperatura
• To lose one's voice = Estar afónico / Perder la voz
• To cough = Toser
• To sneeze = Estornudar
• To shiver = Temblar
• To faint = Desmayarse
• To vomit / To throw up = Vomitar
• To break a leg/arm = Romperse una pierna/brazo
• To twist (or sprain) an ankle = Torcerse el tobillo
• To be swollen = Estar hinchado(a)

• To get sick = Enfermarse
• To be sick = Estar enfermo (a)
• To get worse = Empeorar
• To get well/better = Mejorar
• To heal = Sanar, Curarse

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Other posts about healthcare vocabulary:
Drugs and remedies | At the hospital | Useful Phrases

*Updated article. December 9^th 2007.

Table Games

Necesito ayuda con algunas frases sobre los juegos. Ya hemos hecho una lista de juegos pero necesito agregar algunas frases. Hago un juego de mesa para que mi amiga y yo podamos practicar los verbos.

¡Muchas Gracias!

Adriana

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¡Excelente trabajo Adriana! Algunas sugerencias abajo.

• Start over. = Empieza de nuevo / Empieza otra vez / Vuelve a empezar
• If you land on blue, move two spaces forward. = Si caes en el espacio azul, adelanta (o avanza) dos espacios.
• Move back two spaces. = Regresa dos espacios.
• Go back to start. = Regresa (o vuelve) al inicio/principio
• Take a shortcut. = Toma un atajo.
• Hint or clue. = Una pista.
• If you roll a double two, you loose a turn. = Si tiras (o Si te sale) un doble dos, pierde un turno.
• Go directly to jail. = Ve derecho/directo a la cárcel.
• The player that rolls the highest will go first. = El jugador que tire el número más alto, empieza/comienza/va primero.
• If you answer correctly/incorrectly..... = Si contestas correctamente/ incorrectamente...

El chunche

Hola, qué tal, ¿cómo están? Mi nombre es Christian y me gustaría hablarles sobre la palabra “el chunche”.

El chunche es una palabra que nosotros utilizamos en Guatemala al no poder recordar el nombre de alguna cosa. Por ejemplo si tu quieres que te alcancen un objeto y no te acuerdas como se llama, puedes decir “Pásenme el chunche”. El chunche puede ser una caja, un teléfono, un cuadro, un clip o cualquier otra cosa.

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Gracias, Christian, por tu explicación. Así es que si alguno de ustedes viene a Guatemala y escucha esta palabra tendrán que poner atención al contexto y a los gestos que la persona haga para ver si esta señalando un objeto y así entender a qué se está refiriendo con la palabra “chunche”.

Saludos,

- Karin

P.D. Esta palabra también es conocida y utilizada en México, Honduras, Costa Rica y El Salvador. Más información en: http://www.jergasdehablahispana.org

Para oír el archivo de audio, haz click aquí. Si deseas descargar el archivo, usa el click derecho del mouse (option+click para Mac) y elige "Save link as".

Spring / La Primavera

Karin,

Porque ya llegó la primavera (pues, aquí en Tejas), me gustaría hacer una lista de palabras y frases de primavera. Le agradecería si Ud. puede añadir o corregirlas. ¡Gracias!

- Adriana

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Como siempre, es un placer. Y gracias por tus ideas.

Saludos,

- Karin

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TREES, FLOWERS & OTHERS

• flowers - las flores
• wild flowers - las flores silvestres
• tulip - tulipán
• daisy - margarita
  
• daffodil - narciso
• dandelion - diente de león
• geranium - geranio
• hyacinth - jacinto
• lilac - lila
• iris - lirio
• pansy - pensamiento
• petunia - petunia
• rose - rosa
• carnation - clavel
• sunflower - girasol
  


• tree - el árbol
• shrub - arbusto
• grass - el césped, la grama, el pasto, el zacate (en mi opinión, césped sería la palabra más 'neutra' que podría comprenderse en cualquier país)

PARTS OF A FLOWER

• stem - el tallo
• pedals - el pétalo
• leaves - las hojas
• bud - el botón, el capullo
  
• thorns - las espinas

PARTS OF A TREE

• trunk - el tronco
• bark - la corteza
• branches - las ramas
• twig - la ramita
• treetop, canopy - la copa
• foliage - follaje
• root - raíz
• blossom - flor (de arbol frutal)
  

ANIMALS

• bugs - bichos
  
• ants / anthill - las hormigas / el hormiguero
• beetles - escarabajo
• ladybug - mariquita
  
• bees - las avejas
• butterflies - las mariposas
• dragonfly - libélula
• worm - gusano
• grasshopper - saltamontes
  
• cricket - grillo
  
• frog - rana
• toad - sapo
• pollywog, tadpole - renacuajo
• robin - petirrojo
  

ACTIONS

• to pick a flower - tomar/coger/agarrar/arrancar una flor
• Smell it. - Huélela.
• to climb a tree - trepar el árbol
• to trim, prune a tree - podar un árbol
• to mow the grass - cortar el zacate/el césped / etc.
• to pull weeds - quitar las malas hierbas
• to water the plants - regar las plantas
• to rake - rastrillar
• to bloom - florecer
  

GARDENING STUFF

• lawmower - el cortacésped, la cortadora de césped
• pruner - la podadora
• shovel - la pala
• hoe - la azada, el azadón
• spinkler - el rociador
• watering can - la regadera
• rake - el rastrillo
• weedkiller - herbicida
• antkiller - veneno (contra las hormigas)
• fertilizer - fertilizante
  

MORE WORDS

• dew - rocío
• rainbow - arcoiris

VARIOUS PHRASES

• Be careful, the thorns will prick you. - "Cuidado, te vas a pinchar (los dedos) con las espinas".
• Shovel the sand into the bucket. - Echa la arena en la cubeta (con la pala)
• The ants will sting you. - Las hormigas te van a picar.

Food Vocabulary - Cereals, Beans, Nuts, and other seeds

In some developing nations, cereal grains constitute practically the entire diet of common folk. A large number of nuts and other seeds are also edible by humans and used in cooking, eaten raw, sprouted, or roasted as a snack food, or pressed for oil that is used in cookery. Let's learn some of the Spanish words for them.

As always, if you'd like to add another word, or would like to add the translations used in your country, let me know.

CEREALS (Cereales)

• AVENA, OAT (Avena sativa) = Avena
• BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare) = Cebada
• BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum) = Alforfón o trigo sarraceno
• QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa) = Quinua, Quínoa
• RYE (Secale cereale) = Centeno
• MAIZE, CORN (Zea mays) = Maíz
• MILLET = Mijo
• RICE (Oryza) = Arroz
• SORGHUM (Sorghum) = Sorgo
• WHEAT (Triticum) = Trigo

BEANS or GRAIN LEGUMES (Leguminosas en grano)

• BROAD BEAN (Vicia faba) = Habas (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)
• COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris) = Frijol (Mexico, Guatemala), Fríjol (Colombia), Poroto (Argentina, Uruguay and Chile), Habichuela, Judía & Alubia (Spain), Fréjol (Ecuador), Frejol (Peru), Caraota (Venezuela)
• CHICK PEA (Cicer arietinum) = Garbanzo
• COWPEA = Caupí o chícharo salvaje
• LENTIL (Lens culinaris) = Lenteja
  
• PEA (Pisum sativum) = Guisante (Spain), Arveja (Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Guatemala), Chícharos (Mexico), Petit-Pois
  
• SOY BEAN (Glycine max) = Soja o Soya

NUTS (Nueces)

• ALMOND (Prunus dulcis) = Almendra
• BRAZIL NUT (Bertholletia excelsa) = Nuez de Brasil o Castaña de monte
  
• CASHEW (Anacardium occidentale) = Semilla de Marañon (Central America), Castañas de cajú (South America), Anacardo (Spain)
• CHESNUT (Castanea) = Castaña, Castanea
• COCONUT (Cocos nucifera) = Coco
• HAZELNUT, FILBERT (Corylus avellana) = Avellana
• MACADAMIA (Macadamia) = Macadamia
• PEANUT / GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea) = Maní (Central and South America), Cacahuete (Spain), Cacahuate (Mexico), Manía
  
• PECAN (Carya illinoinensis) = Pecana o Pecán
• PINE NUT (Pinus) = Piñón
• PISTACHIO (Pistacia vera) = Pistacho
• WALNUT (Juglans) = Nuez común

OTHER SEEDS

• CACAO (Theobroma cacao) = Cacao
• CELERY SEED (Apium graveolens) = (Semillas de) Apio
• COFFEE (Coffea) = Café
• POPCORN (Zea mays) = Palomitas de Maíz (México), Poporopo (Guatemala), Maíz pisingallo / Pochoclo / Pororó (Argentina), crispeta, maíz pira, rosetas de maíz, canguil, cotufa, canchita, tutuca
• PUMPKIN SEED (Cucurbita) = Semillas de Calabaza

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For more food-related vocabulary, check these other posts:
Vegetables | Fruits | Dairy Products | Seasonings | Meat (Coming soon!)

Updated Article. March 20th. 2007
This list was prepared by the members of the Spanish-English interchange group. There are people from Latin America, Spain, the US and the UK. Thanks guys!

My friend's wedding

Last weekend a friend of mine got married. The ceremony was really beautiful, and the reception was great. So, I thought it would be nice to describe it for you in Spanish. I hope you like it. You can find the underlined words and more wedding vocabulary with the English translations in this link.

La Boda de Sylvana y Pedro

El sábado fui a la boda de una amiga. Cuando llegamos, el novio ya estaba frente al altar. Se miraba nervioso, pero muy emocionado. Al sonar de la música entraron las damas acompañadas de sus respectivos caballeros. Luego, acompañada de su padre, la radiante novia ingresó al salón. El vestido de novia, el peinado, el velo y el bouquet hacían que Sylvana pareciera una novia de revista. ¡Se veía preciosa!

En el altar, había un hermoso candelero con tres candelas. La mamá de Sylvana encendió la del lado izquierdo y la mamá de Pedro encendió la del lado derecho. Las candelas representaban a los novios. A continuación, los padres dieron la bendición para que sus hijos contrajeron matrimonio. Luego, el ministro le pidió a Pedro que dijera sus votos y le colocara el anillo de boda a su amada. Acto seguido, Sylvana hizo lo mismo.

El ministro preguntó: “Pedro, ¿Aceptas a Sylvana como tu legítima esposa?”
Y él respondió, “Acepto”.
–“¿Prometes amarla y serle fiel en las buenas y en las malas, en la salud y en la enfermedad, en lo próspero o en lo adverso hasta que la muerte los separe?”
– “Sí, prometo”.
Y luego, le hizo las mismas preguntas a Sylvana y ella respondió de la misma manera.

Finalmente, el ministro dijo “Los declaro marido y mujer. Puedes besar a la novia.” Entonces Pedro levantó el velo y la besó. Luego, cada uno tomó la candela que lo representaba individualmente y juntos encendieron la que estaba en el centro en representación de su matrimonio. La marcha nupcial sonó y la feliz pareja salió del salón seguida de las damas, los padres y los demás invitados.

Después de la ceremonia, hubo una recepción. Los recién casados bailaron la primera pieza y luego Sylvana y su padre bailaron un vals. Seguidamente, los invitados se unieron al baile. Más tarde, los asistentes brindaron por la feliz pareja.

Antes de irse, Sylvana lanzó el ramo de flores a las mujeres solteras que estaban presentes. Pedro, quitó la liga que Sylvana llevaba en su pierna y la lanzó a los hombres solteros. Se cree que quien atrape el ramo o la liga, será el próximo en casarse.

Al otro día, los recién casados se fueron de luna de miel a un crucero por el Caribe.

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If you want to listen to the audio file, click here. To download this file, use the right click (option+click for Mac) and choose "Save link as".

Weddings

Most young couples consider their wedding to be one of the most important days of their life. So, let’s learn some vocabulary about this special ocassion.

Events

• engagement (party) – (la fiesta de) el compromiso
• stag party, bachelor party – la despedida de soltero
• hen party, bachelorette party – la despedida de soltera
• bridal shower – el té de despedida (de soltera)
• wedding, nuptials – la boda, el casamiento, las nupcias (coloq. el casorio)
• marriage – matrimonio
• ceremony – la ceremonia
• processional – la entrada (o el ingreso)
• recessional – la salida (o el egreso)
• reception – la recepción
• wedding breakfast/dinner – el banquete de bodas
• wedding day – el día de la boda
• wedding night – la noche de bodas
• day after a wedding – tornaboda
• honeymoon – la luna de miel

The Wedding Party (Séquito Nupcial)

• groom (or bridegroom) – el novio
• bride – la novia
• husband – esposo, marido
• wife – esposa, mujer
• wedding/bridal couple – los novios
• newlyweds, newly married couple – los recién casados
• bridesmaids – damas
• groomsmen – caballeros
• maid of honour – dama de honor (la mejor amiga de la novia)
• best man – padrino de boda (el mejor amigo del novio)
• usher – acomodador, ujier
• page – paje
• witness – testigo


• guest – invitado(a)
• attendant – asistente
• officiant – oficiante
• minister – ministro
• priest – sacerdote
• lawyer – abogado
  

The Wedding Tackle

• invitations – las invitaciones
• wedding card – participación de boda
• wedding (or bridal) dress (or gown) – el vestido (o traje) de novia
• train – la cola (del vestido)
• veil – el velo
• bouquet – el bouquet o el ramo (de flores)
• (bride's) garter – la liga (de la novia)
• engagement ring – el anillo de compromiso (o de pedido)
• wedding ring (or band) – el anillo (la sortija o la argolla) de boda/matrimonio, la alianza
• the 13 coins given by the groom to the bride – las arras
• vows – los votos
• wedding cake – el pastel (o la tarta) de boda
• reception hall (or room) – el salón de recepciones
• limousine – la limosina
• decorations – los adornos


• wedding planner – el organizador de boda
• (professional) photographer – el fotógrafo (profesional)
• musicians – los músicos


• wedding march – la marcha nupcial
• waltz – el vals


• bridal registry – registro de bodas (a service offered by a store or other organization in which a bridal couple's gift preferences are recorded so as to be available to family and friends when shopping at the store.)
• wedding present – el regalo de boda
• guestbook – el libro de invitados

Verbs

• to propose to someone – proponerle matrimonio a alguien, pedirle a alguien que se case con uno
• to become engaged – comprometerse
• to break off one’s engagement – romper el compromiso
• to marry, to get married (to someone) – casarse (con alguien)
• to contract marriage (with someone) – contraer matrimonio (con alguien)
• to give someone away – entregarle a alguien en matrimonio
• to walk the bride down the aisle – llevar a la novia al altar
• to throw the bouquet – lanzar el ramo (o el bouquet)
• to catch the bouquet – atrapar el ramo (o el bouquet)
• to dance the first dance – bailar la primera pieza
• to dance a waltz – bailar un vals
• to make a toast – hacer un brindis, brindar
• to cut the cake – partir el pastel
• to escort – escoltar
• to have a church wedding – casarse por la iglesia
• to have a registry-office wedding – casarse por lo civil
• to have a white wedding – casarse de blanco
• to have a shutgun wedding – casarse a la fuerza, casarse por/de penalty
• to marry for money – casarse por interés
• to be happily married – estar felizmente casado(s)

Classic Phrases

• Will you marry me? – ¿Te casarías conmigo?
• Who gives this woman to be married to this man? – ¿Quién entrega a esta mujer para que se case con este hombre?
• Do you, (name), take this man/woman to be your lawful wedded husband/wife... – (name) ¿Aceptas a (name) como tu legítima(o) esposa(o)...
• …to live together in the holy estate/covenant of matrimony/marriage? – para vivir juntos en el sagrado vínculo del matrimonio
• I do – Sí, acepto.
• Will you love her/him and keep yourself for (name) alone... – ¿Prometes amarla y serle fiel a (name)...
• ...from this day forward... – ...de hoy en adelante...
  
• ...as long as you both shall live – ...todos los días de su vida?
  
• ...until (or till) death do you part – ...hasta que la muerte los separe?
• For better or for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health – En las buenas o en las malas, en lo próspero y en lo adverso, en la salud y en la enfermedad
• In the presence of God and (all those in attendance/these witnesses) – delante de Dios y (de los invitados presentes/estos testigos)
• I do pronounce you to be husband and wife – Los declaro marido y mujer
• You may kiss the bride – Puede besar a la novia.
• Just married – Recién casados

Expressions

• I can hear wedding bells. – Me huele a boda.
• Always the bridesmaid, never the bride. – Siempre la segundona.
• To have sex before the wedding and get pregnant – Comerse el pastel antes de la boda, Meter las patas

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Note that the word "wedding" -when used as an adjective- is not always translated as de boda. For example, a wedding dress is vestido de novia, the wedding march is marcha nupcial. Also notice that some words use the plural form, while some others use the singular one. For example, we say el día de la boda, la noche de bodas, el anillo de boda, el registro de bodas.

Cats & Dogs

Let's learn vocabulary of dogs (perros) and cats (gatos). These are two of the most popular pets worldwide. If you don't own one -or more-, you probably know someone who does.

First, let's learn some other words to call these animals. Dogs are called canes and chuchos (the latter much more colloquial). Cats are called mininos and michos. Now, let's continue with other useful words.

• cat/dog food – la comida del gato/perro
• cat/dog bowl – el tazón (o el plato) del gato/perro
• collar – el collar
• leash – la correa
• litter pan/box/tray - el arenero del gato
• kitty litter - la arena (de gato)
• flea medicine – la medicina para prevenir las pulgas
• heart worm medicine – la medicina para dirofilariosis canina (gusanos o parásitos del corazón)
• rabies – rabia
• vet – el veterinario
• pet shop – la tienda de animales


• to feed the dog – alimentar al perro
• to brush the dog – cepillar al perro
• to wash the dog – bañar al perro
• to walk the dog – sacar a caminar al perro
• to train the dog – entrenar, adiestrar al perro
• to castrate - castrar
---> The male cat is fixed or neutered. (El gato está operado)
---> The female cat is spayed or neutered. (La gata está operada)


• spots – las manchas
• paws – las patas
• snout – el hocico
• whiskers – los bigotes
• tail – la cola
• legs – patas
• fur or hair – pelaje
  
• drool – las babas


• Don't dig. – No escarbes.
• Don't pet the dog. – No toques (acaricies/cariñes/consientas) al perro.
• Don't beg. – No mendigues/supliques.
• He is well trained. – Está bien educado.

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Sayings

Cuando el gato duerme, los ratones hacen fiesta (o se divierten).
When (or while) the cat's away, the mice will play.

De noche todos los gatos son pardos.
At night all cats are gray.

Gato escaldado del agua fría huye.
Once bitten (or burned), twice shy.

La curiosidad mató al gato.
Curiosity killed the cat.

Muerto el perro, se acabo la rabia.
Literally, Once the dog is dead, rabies are over.

Perro que ladra no muerde
The dog that barks doesn't bite. / His bark is worse than his bite

Si quieres el perro, acepta las pulgas.
Love me, love my faults

Idioms

Aquí hay gato encerrado
There's something fishy going on. / It smells rat.

Buscarle tres pies al gato
To complicate things unnecessarily.

Como perro en barrio ajeno
Like a fish out of water.

Dar gato por liebre
To trick somebody.

Llevarse como el perro y el gato
To fight like cat and dog.

Tiempo de perros
Awful weather.

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Someone told me...

A dog thinks, "Hey, those people I live with feed me, love me, provide me with a nice, warm, dry house, pet me and take good care of me.... They must be gods!"

A cat thinks, "Hey, those people I live with feed me, love me, provide me with a nice, warm, dry house, pet me and take good care of me.... I must be a god!"

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For more pet-related vocabulary, check these other posts:
Training your dog | Animals Sounds

Updated Article. March 8th. 2007 – Thanks Adriana for you ideas!

Food Vocabulary - Seasonings & Flavoring

Seasoning is the process of adding or improving flavours of food. A well designed dish will combine seasonings that complement each other. So, let's learn some seasonings vocabulary.

These words are pretty much the same in most countries. However, if you know a different translation used in your (or another) country, please let me know. The same goes, if you think a word should be added to the list.

CONDIMENT (Condimentos)

• ACHIOTE (OR ANNATO) = Achiote
• BACON BITS = Trocitos de tocino
• BARBECUE SAUCE = Barbacoa
• CHUTNEY = Chutney
• CURRY POWDER = Curry
• HOT SAUCE = Salsa picante, Chile
  
• KETCHUP, TOMATO SAUCE = Ketchup
• LIME / LEMON JUICE = Jugo de Lima / Limón
  
• MAYONNAISE = Mayonesa
• MSG (Monosodium glutamate) = Glutamato monosódico
• MUSTARD = Mostaza
• OLIVE OIL = Aceite de Oliva
• (ONION, CUCUMBER) RELISH = Picadillo (de cebolla/pepinillo curtido)
• SALT = Sal
• SOY SAUCE = Salsa soya o Salsa de soja
• SUGAR = Azúcar
• BROWN SUGAR = Azúcar morena(o)
  
• WHITE SUGAR = Azúcar blanca(o)
  
• WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE = Salsa worcestershire o Salsa inglesa
  
• VINEGAR = Vinagre
• BALSAMIC VINEGAR = Vinagre balsámico
  

FINE HERBS = Hierbas Aromáticas

• BAY LEAF, LAUREL = Laurel
• BASIL = Albahaca
• CHIVES = Cebollino, Cebolleta, Cebollín
  
• CORIANDER, CILANTRO = Cilantro, coriandro o culantro
• CUMIN = Comino
• DILL = Eneldo
• EPAZOTE, WORMSEED = Epazote
  
• FENNEL = Hinojo
  
• FENUGREEK = Alhova
• HYSSOP = Hisopo
  
• MARJORAM = Mejorana o Mayorana
  
• MINT = Menta
  
• OREGANO, POT MARJORAM = Orégano
• PARSLEY = Perejil
• PEPPERMINT = yerbabuena, hierbabuena, menta piperina, piperita, monte yuyo o toronjil de menta
  
• ROSEMARY = Romero
• RUE = Ruda
• SAGE = Salvia
• SAVORY (herb) = ajedrea o hisopillo
• SPEARMINT = menta verde
  
• THYME = Tomillo

SPICES (Especias)

• ANISE, ANISEED = Anís
• ASAFETIDA = Asafétida
  
• CARAWAY = Alcaravea
• CARDAMOM = Cardamomo
• CELERY SEED = (Semillas de) Apio
  
• CINNAMON = Canela
• CLOVE = Clavo de olor
• GARLIC = Ajo
• GINGER = Jengibre
  
• NUTMEG = Nuez Moscada
  
• ONION POWDER = Sal de Cebolla
  
• PAPRIKA = Pimentón
• PEPPER = Pimienta
• POPPY SEED = (Semillas de) Amapola
• SAFFRON = Azafrán
• SESAME SEEDS = Ajonjolí
• TURMERIC = Cúrcuma
  
• VANILLA = Vainilla
  

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For more food-related vocabulary, check these other posts:
Vegetables | Fruits | Dairy Products | Cereals, Beans, Nuts and other Seeds | Meat (Coming soon!)

Updated Article. March 15th. 2007
This list was prepared by the members of the Spanish-English interchange group. There are people from Latin America, Spain, the US and the UK. Thanks guys!

Food Vocabulary - Dairy Products

Alright, it's time to learn the dairy products (productos lácteos). If you'd like to add another word, or would like to add the translations used in your country, let me know.

BUTTER

• Mantequilla (Mexico, Spain, Guatemala)
• Manteca (Uruguay, Chile, Argentina)
  *They call lard manteca de cerdo to tell it apart from butter.

CHEESE

• Queso (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

CREAM CHEESE
• Queso Crema (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

CREAM

• Nata (España y Mexico)
  
• Crema (Guatemala, Argentina)

WHIPPED CREAM
• Nata montada (Spain)
• Crema batida (Guatemala)
• Nata (Argentina)
  

EGG

• Huevo (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

ICE CREAM

• Helado (Cremoso) - (Guatemala)
• Sorbete
• Crema Helada
  

MILK

• Leche (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

FULL CREAM OR WHOLE

• Leche Entera

SKIMMED MILK
• Leche Descremada (Latin America)
• Leche Desnatada (Spain)
  

SEMI-SKIMMED MILK
• Leche Semidescremada (Latin America)
• Leche Desnatada (Spain)

POWDERED MILK
• Leche en polvo

EVAPORATED MILK
• Lecha Evaporada

CONDENSED MILK
• Leche Condensada

YOGURT

• Yogur (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

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For more food-related vocabulary, check these other posts:
Vegetables | Fruits | Seasonings | Cereals, Beans, Nuts and other Seeds | Meat (Coming soon!)

Updated article. March, 7th. 2007.
This list was prepared by the members of the Spanish-English interchange group. There are people from Latin America, Spain, the US and the UK. Thanks guys!

Food Vocabulary - Fruits

Let's continue our food vocabulary with fruits (frutas). If you'd like to add another word, or would like to add the translations used in your country, let me know.

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TEMPERATE FRUITS

Fruits of temperate climates are almost universally borne on trees or woody shrubs or lianas. They will not grow adequately in the tropics, as they need a period of cold (a chilling requirement) each year before they will flower.

Berries

In non-technical usage, berry means any small fruit that can be eaten whole and lacks objectionable seeds. The bramble fruits, compound fruits of genus Rubus (blackberries), are some of the most popular pseudo-berries:

BLACKBERRY
Rubus Rosaceae

• Zarzamora o Mora (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

RASPBERRY
Rubus idaeus

• Frambuesa o Frambuesa Roja (All Spanish-Speaking Countries, In Honduras is called 'mora' too)

The true berries are dominated by the family Ericaceae, many of which are hardy in the subarctic:

BLUEBERRY
Vaccinium corymbosum

• Arándano (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

CRANBERRY
Vaccinium macrocarpon or Vaccinium Oxycoccus

• Arándano Rojo (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

Other berries not in the Rosaceae or Ericaceae:

MULBERRY
Morus

• Mora (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

The accessory fruits, seed organs which are not botanically berries at all:

STRAWBERRY
Fragaria

• Fresa (Spain, Central America)
• Frutilla (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay)

Rosaceae family

The Family Rosaceae dominates the temperate fruits, both in numbers and in importance. The pome fruits, stone fruits and brambles are fruits of plants in Rosaceae.

The pome fruits:

APPLE
Malus domestica

• Manzana (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

MEDLAR (AKA Loquat)
Mespilus

• Níspero (España, Mexico, Guatemala) *In Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama and Venezuela, níspero means sapodilla.

PEAR
Pyrus

• Pera (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

QUINCE
Cydonia oblonga

• Membrillo (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

The stone fruits, drupes of genus Prunus:

APRICOT
Prunus armeniaca or Armenian plum

• Albaricoque (Spain, Guatemala)
• Damasco (Argentina)
• Chabacano (Mexico)
• Alberge (Aragón, La Rioja)

CHERRY

SWEET CHERRY (AKA Wild Cherry)
Prunus Avium
• Cereza (Central America)
• Capulín (Honduras, El Salvador)
• Picota, Cerezo común, bravío, de monte

SOUR CHERRY (AKA Morello Cherry)
Prunus Cerasus
• Guinda, Cereza, Cereza ácida (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

NECTARINE
Prunus persica

• Nectarina o Pelón

PEACH
Prunus persica

• Durazno (Argentina, Central America)
• Melocotón (España, Guatemala)

PLUM (Dried plum)
Prunus domestica

• Ciruela (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)
• Guindón

PRUNE
• Ciruela, Guindón

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TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS

A tropical fruit one that typically grows in warm climates, or equatorial areas.

ANONA
Annona

ILAMA
Annona diversifolia
• Anona or Anona Blanca (Central America)

SWEETSOP (AKA Sweetsop, Sugar apple)
Annona squamosa
• Anona or Anona Blanca (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua)
• Anón (Bolivia, Cuba, Panama)
• Anón de azucar, Anón domestico, Mocuyo (Colombia)
• Anona de castilla (El Salvador)
• Anona de Guatemala (Nicaragua)

CHERIMOYA
Annona cherimola
• Chirimoya

SOURSOP
Annona muricata
• Guanábana (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)
• Guanaba (El Salvador, Honduras)

CUSTARD APPLE (AKA Bullock's heart or bull's heart)
Annona reticulata
• Mamón o Corazón
• Anona de monte (Nicaragua)

BANANA
Musa paradisiaca

• Banano (Latin America)
• Plátano (Spain) *In other countries, plátano means plantain.

BREADFRUIT
Artocarpus altilis

• Fruta de Pan (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)
• Panapén (Puerto Rico)
• Masapán (Honduras)

CARAMBOLA (AKA Star Fruit)
Averrhoa carambola

• Carambola (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

CASHEW
Anacardium occidentale

• Jocote Marañón (Guatemala)
• Marañon (Central America and Cuba)
• Merey (Colombia, Puerto Rico, Venezuela)
• Cajuil (República Dominicana)
• Anacardo (Spain)

COCONUT
Cocos nucifera

• Coco (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

GRANADILLA (AKA Sweet Granadilla)
Passiflora ligularis

• Granadilla (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

GUAVA
Psidium

• Guayaba (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

MAMEY (OR MAMEE) SAPOTE (AKA Sapota, Marmalade Plum)
Pouteria sapota

• Zapote (Centroamérica)
• Mamey de tierra (Panama)

MAMEY (OR MAMEE) APPLE (AKA Souh American or Santo Domingo Apricot)
Mammea americana

• Mamey (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)
• Mamey amarillo
• Mamey de Cartagena (Panama)
• Mamey de Guacayarima
• Mamey de Santo Domingo

MANGO
Mangifera

• Mango (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

NANCE
Byrsonima crassifolia

• Nance (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

PAPAYA (AKA Tree melon)
Carica papaya

• Papaya (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)
• Fruta bomba, lechosa (Venezuela, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and the Dominican Republic)
• Mamón

PASSION FRUIT (AKA Lilikoi)
Passiflora edulis

• Maracuyá (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

PINEAPPLE
Ananas comosus

• Piña (España, Guatemala)
• Ananá(s) (Argentina)

PITAYA (OR PITAHAYA), DRAGON FRUIT, STRAWBERRY PEAR
Hylocereus

• Pitahaya (Spain)
• Pitaya (Mexico, Guatemala)

PLANTAIN
Another variety of Musa paradisiaca

• Plátano (Latin America) *In Spain, plátano means banana

POMEGRANATE
Punica granatum

• Granada (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

SAPODILLA
Manilkara zapota

• Chico Zapote (Guatemala, México)
• Níspero (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama, Venezuela) *In Spain and other countries, níspero means medlar.
• Zapotillo (Honduras)

SPANISH PLUM and JOCOTE
Spondias mombin / Spondias purpurea

• Jocote (Central America and Mexico)
• Jobo (Panama)

STAR APPLE
Chrysophyllum cainito

• Caimito (Central America, Colombia and Venezuela)

TAMARIND
Tamarindus indica

• Tamarindo

Citrus Fruits

GRAPEFRUIT
Citrus paradisi

• Pomelo (Spain, Argentina)
• Toronja (Central America)
• Naranjela (Nicaragua)

LEMON
Citrus x limon

• Limón (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

LIME (AKA Key Lime)
Citrus aurantifolia

• Lima (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

MANDARIN AND TANGERINE
Citrus reticulata
Varieties: Mandarin orange, Clementine

• Mandarina (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

ORANGE
Citrus sinensis, syn. Citrus aurantium var. dulcis

• Naranja (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

POMELO (AKA Chinese grapefruit)
Citrus maxima, syn. Citrus grandis

• Pampelmusa o cimboa

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OTHERS



Herbaceous annuals fruits

Some exceptions to the statement that temperate fruits grow on woody perennials are:

MELON (AKA Cantaloupe)
Cucumis melo

• Melón (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

WATERMELON
Citrullus lanatus

• Sandía (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

PUMPKIN
Cucurbita

• Calabaza (Spain and Central America)
• Auyama (Colombia, Venezuela)
• Zapallo (Argentina)
• Ayote (Honduras)

Mediterranean Fruits

Fruits in this category are not hardy to extreme cold, as the preceding temperate fruits are, yet tolerate some frost and may have a modest chilling requirement. Notable among these are natives of the Mediterranean:

GRAPE
Vitis

• Uva (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

RAISIN (Dried grape)
• Pasa (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

DATE
Phoenix dactylifera

• Dátil (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

FIG
Ficus

• Higo (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

Fruits of Asian origin

Some fruits native to Asia.

KIWI (AKA Kiwifruit)
Actinidia deliciosa

• Kiwi (All Spanish-Speaking Countries)

PERSIMMON (KAKI)
Diospyros kaki

• Caqui (Argentina)
• Palosanto (Spain)
• Persimonio o Pérsimon

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For more food-related vocabulary, check these other posts:
Vegetables| Dairy Products | Seasonings | Cereals, Beans, Nuts and other Seeds | Meat (Coming soon!)


Updated article. April 12th. 2007.

This list was prepared by the members of the Spanish-English interchange group. There are people from Latin America, Spain, the US and the UK. Thanks guys!